Plant extract Resveratrol for Antioxidant
Latin name: Polygonum cuspidatum
Chinese name: Hu Zhang
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Polygonum
Plant original: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.
Part used: Rhizome
Specification: Resveratrol 1%--98% Test By HPLC
1 The summary
The protophyte of Polygonum is regarded as rhizome and root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., perennial herbaceous, being one of the Chinese medicinal herbs most in use in ancient China.
Shape: Perennial herbaceous, with height 1-1.5m. Rhizome lays across underground, in yellow color. Stem is coarse & strong, straight, with no hairs on the surface, and small flower in pale or light pale-green color.
Cultivation: Fond of warm weather in nature, Polygonum better grows in moist & loose soil. Choose the arenaceous soil rich of humus when cultivating. It's also suitable to be cultivated by the ditch, in woodland of the hillside, and in front of or behind the house. Before soil preparation, apply tens of Kg of organic fertilizer per Mu. Plough the fields deep to 20-30cm. Prepare the earth as bed after ploughing. Planting method: 1. Seed breeding: Dig a pit with space 33x33cm between in the middle of April, in which sow 8-9 pieces of seed. Cover soil with 3cm thick, then watering later. 2. Breeding by root: Before sprouting in early spring, excavate the mother plant, cut the rhizome to small pieces about 15-20cm long, dig the ditches upto 7-10cm deep according to a row space of 66cm. Put 2 pieces of rhizome in horizontal direction every 45cm of space, cover the soil and press tightly. No need to water for the moisture soil. Thin out seedling at 7-10cm of length. Leave 1-2 strong plants in every ditch, intertill and remove weeds in time during growth period. Do topdressing 3 times a year, with nitrogenous fertilizer in spring and phosphate & potash fertilizer in summer, along with keeping the fields moisture. Pay attention to preventing from aphid, epicauta arorha and scarab.
Harvest: Administration by root and rhizome, Polygonum can be digged both in spring and autumn. Root-like stem and stem, leaf are better to be gathered during spring and summer. And the root is better to be gathered in spring and autumn. Cut it to pieces while fresh after cleaning and then leave to dry in the sunshine. Those with strong root and non-withered inside are considerably as good ones. Remove the fibrous root and the tail, cut to pieces after cleaning, leave to dry in the sunshine, keep in dry places. Be cautious of mould-proof & worm-eaten. Prepared small pieces should be stored in wooden case and jar.
Distribution: Polygonum most grows in ravine, by the river and in shady-warm places under trees, mainly distributed in the south of Changjiang River, Shan'xi, Henan and Shandong provinces in China.
2 The main chemical composition
There are mainly anthraquinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, naphthoquinone, polysaccharides, amino acids and trace elements in Polygonum Cuspidatum.
(1) Anthraquinones
With two classifications in Polygonum: 1) dissociative chinones:Mainly as emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, physcion, questin & fallacinol. 2) anthraquinonic glycoside: mainly as physcion-8-ß-D-glucoside & emodin-8-ß-D-glucoside.
(2) Stilbenes:
Stilbene is the major functional ingredient in Polygonum, mainly as resveratrol, polydatin, with the structure as below:
Flavonoids:
Flavonoids in Polygonum contains glucofrangulin, quercetin, quercetin-3-arabinoside,quercetin -3 - rhamnoside, quercetin - 3 - glucoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, luteolin-7-glucoside & three kinds of derivative of protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone in apigenin.
(4) Naphthoquinone & anthraquinonic glycoside
There are 2-methoxy-6-acetylmethyljuglone & torachrysone - 8 - O - D - glucoside in naphthoquinone & anthraquinonic glycoside, which are isolated from Polygonum.
(5) Other ingredients:
There are 7 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxy - 5 - methylcoumarin in Polygonum. Polygonum still contains of free amino acids, and inorganic elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, K, Se & Mo, further with palmitate, stearic acid and arachidonic acid.
3 Efficacy & mechanism to anti-cancer and to strengthen immunity
Resveratrol in Polygonum is the major active ingredient, which has effect to anti-cancer and to strengthen immunity through research.
Resveratrol has very strong effect to clear oxidant free radical, along with inhibiting the damage and mutation to the body caused by free radical. The research to cytology based on in vitro cancer cell proved that Resveratrol could inhibit the breeding of various cancer cells. The proliferation of cancer cells is due to secretion of ROS by stimulus and a certain quantity of O-2 and H2O2. Another research proved that Resveratrol has very strong inhibition to the total ROS self-secreted by cancer cells. It inhibits the density of O-2 , stops the changes of cancer cells from S to G2, thus strongly inhibiting the breeding of cancer cells.
The characteristic of Resveratrol to anti-cancer means it has inhibition even deterioration to the three main stages of the cancer at the start, breeding and development. The scientists in National University of Singapore have found by study that Resveratrol can induce the splitting of DNA of leukocyte for HL60 in human body, and further lead membrane phospholipid to lose non-symmetry. This shows it may induce the death in sequence of leukocyte for HL60. Another discovery is also found to show that the death of cancer cells relying on the interaction between CD95 and CD95L. Resveratrol can increase the value of HL60 cells and CD95L in T47D breast cancer cell. The scientists treat the breast cancer cell by using Resveratrol, the result shows CD95 and CD95L system reaching a new balance, which leading 63% of T47D breast cancer cell dying 18 hours later.
Deal with the normal ambient blood lymphocyte for healthy people by using Resveratrol, you will see that 72 hours later, comparing with activating ambient lymphocyte individually, no data for Resveratrol to kill the normal cells. This proves that Resveratrol has optional power to cancer cells.
Resveratrol can inhibit protein tyrosine kinase, which is the material to make catalysis of tyrosine. Resveratrol's inhibition to protein tyrosine kinase is due to act on anti-mutation by inhibiting the function of kinase. The mechanism is mainly to inhibit the synthesis of cells of DNA and RNA.
Resveratrol has very strong inhibition to the reaction of lipid peroxidation caused by free radical system, also stronger inhibition to lipid peroxidation on the model of artificial cell of lecithin lipid. It can obviously reduce the content of MDA in the tissues, increase the activation of SOD, CAT and GSH-px, thus with protective effect to cerebral anaemia and tissue damages.
Resveratrol may strengthen the immunity. It can also recover the inhibited characteristic of cells in the burnt rat, with effective power to the reactive ability ofdamagedantigen singal, to breeding ability, to synthetic ability of white blood cell medium and to synthetic ability of antibody through lymph cell.
Latin name: Polygonum cuspidatum
Chinese name: Hu Zhang
Family: Polygonaceae
Genus: Polygonum
Plant original: Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.
Part used: Rhizome
Specification: Resveratrol 1%--98% Test By HPLC
1 The summary
The protophyte of Polygonum is regarded as rhizome and root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc., perennial herbaceous, being one of the Chinese medicinal herbs most in use in ancient China.
Shape: Perennial herbaceous, with height 1-1.5m. Rhizome lays across underground, in yellow color. Stem is coarse & strong, straight, with no hairs on the surface, and small flower in pale or light pale-green color.
Cultivation: Fond of warm weather in nature, Polygonum better grows in moist & loose soil. Choose the arenaceous soil rich of humus when cultivating. It's also suitable to be cultivated by the ditch, in woodland of the hillside, and in front of or behind the house. Before soil preparation, apply tens of Kg of organic fertilizer per Mu. Plough the fields deep to 20-30cm. Prepare the earth as bed after ploughing. Planting method: 1. Seed breeding: Dig a pit with space 33x33cm between in the middle of April, in which sow 8-9 pieces of seed. Cover soil with 3cm thick, then watering later. 2. Breeding by root: Before sprouting in early spring, excavate the mother plant, cut the rhizome to small pieces about 15-20cm long, dig the ditches upto 7-10cm deep according to a row space of 66cm. Put 2 pieces of rhizome in horizontal direction every 45cm of space, cover the soil and press tightly. No need to water for the moisture soil. Thin out seedling at 7-10cm of length. Leave 1-2 strong plants in every ditch, intertill and remove weeds in time during growth period. Do topdressing 3 times a year, with nitrogenous fertilizer in spring and phosphate & potash fertilizer in summer, along with keeping the fields moisture. Pay attention to preventing from aphid, epicauta arorha and scarab.
Harvest: Administration by root and rhizome, Polygonum can be digged both in spring and autumn. Root-like stem and stem, leaf are better to be gathered during spring and summer. And the root is better to be gathered in spring and autumn. Cut it to pieces while fresh after cleaning and then leave to dry in the sunshine. Those with strong root and non-withered inside are considerably as good ones. Remove the fibrous root and the tail, cut to pieces after cleaning, leave to dry in the sunshine, keep in dry places. Be cautious of mould-proof & worm-eaten. Prepared small pieces should be stored in wooden case and jar.
Distribution: Polygonum most grows in ravine, by the river and in shady-warm places under trees, mainly distributed in the south of Changjiang River, Shan'xi, Henan and Shandong provinces in China.
2 The main chemical composition
There are mainly anthraquinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, naphthoquinone, polysaccharides, amino acids and trace elements in Polygonum Cuspidatum.
(1) Anthraquinones
With two classifications in Polygonum: 1) dissociative chinones:Mainly as emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, physcion, questin & fallacinol. 2) anthraquinonic glycoside: mainly as physcion-8-ß-D-glucoside & emodin-8-ß-D-glucoside.
(2) Stilbenes:
Stilbene is the major functional ingredient in Polygonum, mainly as resveratrol, polydatin, with the structure as below:
| resveratrol, |
| CAS 501-36-0 |
| C14H12O3; 228.25 |
| Chromaticity acicular crystal,mp254~257ºC;UVλmax(MeOH)nm(lgε):216(4.40),306(4.47),322(4.45).IRνmax(KBr)cm-1:3260,1610,1590,1510,1250,970.MS/z:228(M+,100),211(5)199(3),114(3),76(2). 1HNMR.13CNMR |
Flavonoids:
Flavonoids in Polygonum contains glucofrangulin, quercetin, quercetin-3-arabinoside,quercetin -3 - rhamnoside, quercetin - 3 - glucoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, luteolin-7-glucoside & three kinds of derivative of protocatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone in apigenin.
(4) Naphthoquinone & anthraquinonic glycoside
There are 2-methoxy-6-acetylmethyljuglone & torachrysone - 8 - O - D - glucoside in naphthoquinone & anthraquinonic glycoside, which are isolated from Polygonum.
(5) Other ingredients:
There are 7 - hydroxy - 4 - methoxy - 5 - methylcoumarin in Polygonum. Polygonum still contains of free amino acids, and inorganic elements such as Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, K, Se & Mo, further with palmitate, stearic acid and arachidonic acid.
3 Efficacy & mechanism to anti-cancer and to strengthen immunity
Resveratrol in Polygonum is the major active ingredient, which has effect to anti-cancer and to strengthen immunity through research.
Resveratrol has very strong effect to clear oxidant free radical, along with inhibiting the damage and mutation to the body caused by free radical. The research to cytology based on in vitro cancer cell proved that Resveratrol could inhibit the breeding of various cancer cells. The proliferation of cancer cells is due to secretion of ROS by stimulus and a certain quantity of O-2 and H2O2. Another research proved that Resveratrol has very strong inhibition to the total ROS self-secreted by cancer cells. It inhibits the density of O-2 , stops the changes of cancer cells from S to G2, thus strongly inhibiting the breeding of cancer cells.
The characteristic of Resveratrol to anti-cancer means it has inhibition even deterioration to the three main stages of the cancer at the start, breeding and development. The scientists in National University of Singapore have found by study that Resveratrol can induce the splitting of DNA of leukocyte for HL60 in human body, and further lead membrane phospholipid to lose non-symmetry. This shows it may induce the death in sequence of leukocyte for HL60. Another discovery is also found to show that the death of cancer cells relying on the interaction between CD95 and CD95L. Resveratrol can increase the value of HL60 cells and CD95L in T47D breast cancer cell. The scientists treat the breast cancer cell by using Resveratrol, the result shows CD95 and CD95L system reaching a new balance, which leading 63% of T47D breast cancer cell dying 18 hours later.
Deal with the normal ambient blood lymphocyte for healthy people by using Resveratrol, you will see that 72 hours later, comparing with activating ambient lymphocyte individually, no data for Resveratrol to kill the normal cells. This proves that Resveratrol has optional power to cancer cells.
Resveratrol can inhibit protein tyrosine kinase, which is the material to make catalysis of tyrosine. Resveratrol's inhibition to protein tyrosine kinase is due to act on anti-mutation by inhibiting the function of kinase. The mechanism is mainly to inhibit the synthesis of cells of DNA and RNA.
Resveratrol has very strong inhibition to the reaction of lipid peroxidation caused by free radical system, also stronger inhibition to lipid peroxidation on the model of artificial cell of lecithin lipid. It can obviously reduce the content of MDA in the tissues, increase the activation of SOD, CAT and GSH-px, thus with protective effect to cerebral anaemia and tissue damages.
Resveratrol may strengthen the immunity. It can also recover the inhibited characteristic of cells in the burnt rat, with effective power to the reactive ability ofdamagedantigen singal, to breeding ability, to synthetic ability of white blood cell medium and to synthetic ability of antibody through lymph cell.